Document Intelligence Glossary
60+ terms across AI, legal, financial, and compliance domains.
A
Access Control
Security mechanisms that regulate who can view, modify, or interact with resources in a system.
complianceAccounts Receivable
Money owed to a company by its customers for goods or services delivered but not yet paid for.
financialAmendment
A formal modification to an existing contract that changes, adds, or removes specific terms.
legalAmortization
The gradual reduction of an intangible asset's value or a loan balance through scheduled periodic payments.
financialArbitration
A private dispute resolution process where an independent arbitrator makes a binding decision instead of a court.
legalAudit Trail
A chronological record of system activities that provides documentary evidence of the sequence of actions performed.
complianceB
Balance Sheet
A financial statement that reports a company's assets, liabilities, and shareholders' equity at a specific point in time.
financialBM25
A probabilistic keyword-ranking algorithm that scores documents by term frequency and inverse document frequency.
ai/mlBreach of Contract
A violation of contractual obligations that gives the non-breaching party the right to seek remedies.
legalC
California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA)
A California state law granting residents rights over their personal information and imposing obligations on businesses that collect it.
complianceCapital Expenditure (CapEx)
Funds spent to acquire, maintain, or improve long-term physical or intangible assets.
financialCash Flow Statement
A financial statement that tracks the movement of cash in and out of a business across operating, investing, and financing activities.
financialChunking
The process of splitting large documents into smaller, overlapping segments optimized for retrieval and embedding.
ai/mlConfidentiality Clause
A contractual provision that restricts how parties may use or disclose information shared during the business relationship.
legalContext Window
The maximum number of tokens a language model can process in a single request, including both input and output.
ai/mlContract
A legally enforceable agreement between two or more parties that creates mutual obligations.
legalCosine Similarity
A metric that measures the angle between two vectors to determine how semantically similar two texts are.
ai/mlCost of Goods Sold (COGS)
The direct costs attributable to producing the goods or services that a company sells during a period.
financialD
Data Privacy
The practice of handling personal information in accordance with legal requirements and individual expectations about data use.
complianceData Retention
Policies and practices governing how long an organization keeps data before it must be archived or deleted.
complianceDue Diligence
A comprehensive investigation of a business, its contracts, and its obligations before a transaction or partnership.
legalE
EBITDA
Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization — a measure of a company's operating profitability.
financialEmbedding Model
A specialized neural network that converts text into dense vector representations for similarity comparison.
ai/mlEncryption
The process of converting data into an unreadable format that can only be decoded with the correct decryption key.
complianceF
G
GAAP
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles — the standard framework of accounting rules used in the United States.
financialGeneral Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
The European Union regulation governing how organizations collect, process, store, and protect personal data.
complianceGross Margin
The percentage of revenue remaining after subtracting the direct costs of producing goods or services.
financialH
I
Incident Response
A structured approach to detecting, containing, eradicating, and recovering from security incidents.
complianceIncome Statement
A financial statement that summarizes revenue, expenses, and profit or loss over a specific reporting period.
financialIndemnification
A contractual obligation where one party agrees to compensate the other for specified losses or damages.
legalIntellectual Property (IP)
Legal rights protecting creations of the mind, including patents, trademarks, copyrights, and trade secrets.
legalISO 27001
An international standard for establishing, implementing, maintaining, and improving an information security management system.
complianceL
Large Language Model (LLM)
A neural network trained on massive text corpora that can understand and generate human language.
ai/mlLiability
The legal responsibility of a party for damages, losses, or obligations arising from a contract or action.
legalLimitation of Liability
A contract clause that caps the maximum amount one party can be required to pay the other for damages.
legalN
Natural Language Processing (NLP)
A field of AI focused on enabling computers to understand, interpret, and generate human language.
ai/mlNet Income
The total profit of a company after all expenses, taxes, and costs have been deducted from revenue.
financialNon-Compete Agreement
A contractual restriction preventing a party from engaging in competing business activities for a specified period and geography.
legalNon-Disclosure Agreement (NDA)
A legally binding contract that establishes confidentiality obligations between parties sharing sensitive information.
legalP
R
Regulatory Compliance
The process of adhering to laws, regulations, standards, and ethical practices relevant to an organization's operations.
complianceRetrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)
An AI architecture that combines information retrieval with text generation to produce answers grounded in source documents.
ai/mlReturn on Investment (ROI)
A performance metric that measures the gain or loss from an investment relative to its cost.
financialRevenue Recognition
The accounting principle that determines when and how revenue is recorded in financial statements.
financialRisk Assessment
A systematic process of identifying, analyzing, and evaluating risks to an organization's information assets.
complianceS
Semantic Search
A search technique that understands the meaning behind queries rather than just matching keywords.
ai/mlService Level Agreement (SLA)
A contract defining the expected performance standards, uptime guarantees, and remedies for a service provider.
legalSOC 2
An auditing framework that evaluates an organization's controls for security, availability, processing integrity, confidentiality, and privacy.
complianceT
Termination Clause
A contract provision specifying the conditions under which either party may end the agreement.
legalTokenization
The process of breaking text into smaller units (tokens) that a language model can process.
ai/mlTransformer
A neural network architecture based on self-attention mechanisms that powers modern language models.
ai/mlV
Vector Embedding
A numerical representation of text as a high-dimensional vector, enabling semantic similarity comparisons between passages.
ai/mlVendor Management
The process of evaluating, monitoring, and managing third-party service providers to ensure they meet security and compliance requirements.
compliance